中医药文献语义标注系统研究与开发

目的研究和开发支持中医和现代生物医学本体和术语集的语义标注系统。方法以MedPortal本体库和中医临床术语集等为术语资源库,设计语义标注系统工作流程和功能框架,并开发Web应用系统。结果构建了一个基于Web的中医药文献语义标注系统,支持语料库管理与维护、术语词典管理、语义标注和语义检索等功能,既可以为基于机器学习的信息抽取算法研究提供训练集,又能实现语义层面的多来源数据集成与知识融合。结论该中医药文献语义标注系统设计方案已经过实际项目验证,可为其他同类系统研发提供参考。     

Colon and rectal cancer risk after bariatric surgery in a multicountry Nordic cohort study

Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Yet, some research indicates that weight-reducing bariatric surgery also increases colorectal cancer risk. Our study was undertaken because current evidence examining bariatric surgery and risk of colorectal cancer is limited and inconsistent. This population-based cohort study included adults with a documented obesity diagnosis in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway or Sweden in 1980–2015. The incidence of colorectal cancer in participants with obesity who had and had not undergone bariatric surgery was compared to the incidence in the corresponding background population by calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Additionally, operated and nonoperated participants with obesity were compared using multivariable Cox regression, providing hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CIs adjusted for confounders. Among 502,772 cohort participants with an obesity diagnosis, 49,931(9.9%) underwent bariatric surgery. The overall SIR of colon cancer was increased after bariatric surgery (SIR 1.56; 95% CI 1.28–1.88), with higher SIRs ≥10 years postsurgery. The overall HR of colon cancer in operated compared to nonoperated participants was 1.13 (95% CI 0.92–1.39) and 1.55 (95% CI 1.04–2.31) 10–14 years after bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery did not significantly increase the risk of rectal cancer (SIR 1.14, 95% CI 0.83–1.52; HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.79–1.49), but the risk estimates increased with longer follow-up periods. Our study suggests that bariatric surgery is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer, while the support for an increased risk of rectal cancer was weaker.     

Factors of the evolution of fatigue dimensions in patients with breast cancer during the 2 years after surgery

Women with breast cancer are increasingly being cured of the disease but fatigue remains the most frequently reported symptom. The aims of our study were to identify distinct trajectories in four fatigue dimensions during 2 years after breast cancer surgery and to explore the demographic, clinical and personality characteristics associated with these profiles. We included women from the prospective longitudinal multicenter FATSEIN cohort in France. They completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory for nine follow-ups over 24 months after surgery. A group-based trajectory model identified distinct trajectories in each fatigue dimension. Multinomial logistic regression determined the factors associated with each profile. From the 459 women followed, 3–5 fatigue trajectories were revealed in each fatigue dimension, from its absence to its severest degree. In our multivariate analysis, the risk of severe fatigue was decreased in all dimensions by a high quality of life before surgery (measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 30-item QoL questionnaire; e.g., for general and physical fatigue: OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.91, 0.96), especially a high physical and emotional functions for general and physical fatigue, and a high cognitive function for mental fatigue. Both severe mental fatigue and severely reduced motivation worsened with low optimism before surgery (e.g., for mental fatigue: OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.89, 0.97). Severely reduced activities increased by having chemotherapy (OR = 9.41, 95% CI 2.28, 38.79). Targeting women at risk for severe fatigue can provide early preventive and curative treatment and appropriate psychological support.     

Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of veliparib,a PARP inhibitor,and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in recurrent gynecologic cancer and triple negative breast cancer with long-term follow-up

Poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerases (PARPs) are nuclear enzymes with roles in DNA damage recognition and repair. PARP1 inhibition enhances the effects of DNA-damaging agents like doxorubicin. We sought to determine the recommended phase two dose (RP2D) of veliparib with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in breast and recurrent gynecologic cancer patients. Veliparib and PLD were administered in a standard phase 1, 3 + 3 dose-escalation design starting at 50 mg veliparib BID on days 1–14 with PLD 40 mg/mg2 on day 1 of a 28-day cycle. Dose escalation proceeded in two strata: A (prior PLD exposure) and B (no prior PLD exposure). Patients underwent limited pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling; an expansion PK cohort was added. 44 patients with recurrent ovarian or triple negative breast cancer were enrolled. Median age 56 years; 23 patients BRCA mutation carriers; median prior regimens four. Patients received a median of four cycles of veliparib/PLD. Grade 3/4 toxicities were observed in 10% of patients. Antitumor activity was observed in both sporadic and BRCA-deficient cancers. Two BRCA mutation carriers had complete responses. Two BRCA patients developed oral squamous cell cancers after completing this regimen. PLD exposure was observed to be higher when veliparib doses were > 200 mg BID. The RP2D is 200 mg veliparib BID on days 1–14 with 40 mg/m2 PLD on day 1 of a 28-day cycle. Anti-tumor activity was seen in both strata. However, given development of long-term squamous cell cancers and the PK interaction observed, efforts should focus on other targeted combinations to improve efficacy.     

顶天立地服务需求 注重内涵创建一流——首都医科大学建校60周年教育教学与人才培养成果回顾

首都医科大学通过60年辛勤耕耘、精益求精，秉承“顶天立地”的人才培养理念，为社会培养了大批高水平的学术型与应用型医药卫生人才。回顾学校60年来本专科教育、全科医学教育、国际教育、研究生教育的人才培养成果，以总结经验并鼓舞全体首医人进一步求真务实、凝心聚力、积极进取、追求卓越，努力将学校建设成为国际一流的研究型医科大学。     

Porocarcinoma coexisting at a site of Bowen disease in a 63‐year‐old woman

Porocarcinoma is an unusual, locally aggressive and potentially fatal neoplasm. Several cutaneous malignancies have been described in association with porocarcinoma, including squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and tricholemmal carcinoma. Previous reports have indicated that the occurrence of malignant tumours in combination with porocarcinoma is extremely rare, in particular with regard to Bowen disease (BD). We report an uncommon case of porocarcinoma occurring synchronously in a single BD lesion in a 63‐year‐old woman with multiple BD lesions. The clinical and histological findings confirmed this diagnosis.     

Family correlates of daughter's and son's locus of control expectancies during childhood

Children who expect they can bring about good outcomes and avoid bad outcomes tend to experience more personal successes. Little is known about factors that contribute to these ‘control expectancies’. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether children's internal control expectancies occur in the context of parents’ internal control expectancies, low family strain, and high family cohesiveness and whether these factors are more strongly related to daughters’ than sons’ control expectancies. A community sample of 85 children aged 9–11 years and their parents (85 mothers; 63 fathers) completed rating scales. Fathers’ more internal control expectancies and mothers’ reports of fewer family strains were associated with daughters’ but not sons’ greater internal control expectancies, and greater family cohesiveness was related to both daughters’ and sons’ internal control orientations. These findings suggest that family factors may contribute to children's, particularly daughters’, development of internal control expectancies.